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Auto sales in 2008 were the worst in 16 years, and this year could be even grimmer. Dealers desperate to move inventory off clogged lots are entertaining the lowest of low-ball offers. Add in generous cash rebates and low-interest financing — at least, for the most creditworthy customers — and screaming bargains abound.

Incentives recently averaged $2,900 per vehicle, or 18% higher than a year ago,according to Edmunds.com. No surprise that carmakers were most generous with gas guzzlers: Incentives for luxury cars averaged $6,600 per vehicle; trucks were also a steal, with $5,400 givebacks. Even the most coveted cars are selling at fire-sale prices. When we asked CarBargains, the buying service of the nonprofit Consumers’ Checkbook organization, to shop for our 11 Best New Cars, they found nine of them for less than invoice (the dealer cost).

If you’re in the market for new wheels, our annual buyer’s guide gives you the tools to choose a vehicle and negotiate a fair price. We start by sorting the hundreds of 2009 models by price and category; then we rank them for performance, value, safety, roominess and our driving impressions.

BLOOD IN THE SHOWROOMS
Detroit is bearing the brunt of the slump, but things are tough all over. Toyota, the most bulletproof of carmakers, announced its first operating loss in 70 years. Sales of German and Asian luxury cars, which are linked to a strong stock market, have sunk along with the Dow.

But to paraphrase Baron Rothschild, the time to buy a new car is when there’s blood in the showrooms. The average transaction price dropped throughout 2008, reports Power Information Network, ending the year at $26,690, or $810 less than a year ago. With the federal funds rate hovering near zero, money for auto loans is cheap. Banks are still charging more than 6%, but credit unions offer better deals. Plus, foreign carmakers have lots of money to lend, and zero-percent-interest offers are plentiful.

One argument for buying soon is that the best deals may go away later in the year. Carmakers are reducing production and dealers are slowly but surely reducing inventories, so by midyear there should be less of a glut.

IT’S ALL ABOUT MPG
When gas hit $4 a gallon last summer, Americans finally seemed to grasp the problem of unbridled use of fossil fuels. Those high prices changed the sales dynamic, and cars overtook trucks (which include not only pickups but also truck-based SUVs, crossovers and minivans).

While car sales skidded 11% in 2008, truck sales crashed by 25%. Compared with the bloodbath in large vehicles, subcompact- and compact-car sales stayed relatively strong: Subcompacts gained 21%, and compacts dropped just 4%. Plus, more buyers chose thrifty four-cylinder engines over six-cylinders.

Incentives and cut-rate financing are running more or less inverse to the fuel-efficiency of a vehicle. Last November, Kelley and Paul Newman of Indianapolis discovered that the dealer wouldn’t budge on the sticker price of one of the hottest vehicles of the year, the Honda Fit.

The Fit, which gets 33 miles per gallon on the highway, is a utilitarian yet sporty subcompact (it wins Best New Car in our Under $20,000 category). The Newmans paid the manufacturer’s suggested retail price, $17,780, for the Sport model, minus $1,000 for the trade-in of Paul’s ten-year-old Honda Accord, which had 220,000 miles on it and needed a few repairs. “We’re a Honda family,” says Kelley, “and fuel-efficiency was high on our list.”

But Bill Cormicle of Flint, Mich., got a sweet deal on his new Saturn Vue, a model that was piling up on dealer lots. Cormicle was replacing a GMC Sonoma pickup and needed enough space to carry five people plus haul stuff in the back. He had been eyeing the new Vue hybrid, but when GM delayed production of that model, he chose the 2008 four-cylinder Vue (sticker price, $22,380; highway mileage, 26 mpg).

Because Cormicle’s dad worked for GM, he qualified for the employee discount, which knocked 10% off the sticker price. “But dealers were giving that discount to everyone,” says Cormicle. “So my dealer took another $500 off the price.” The final cost: $20,028.

By Mark Solheim, Senior Editor
From Kiplinger’s Personal Finance magazine, March 2009
Link: http://www.kiplinger.com/magazine/archives/2009/03/2009-car-deals.html

Affiliate marketing is one of the easiest ways to get started making money online. It requires very little money, no product to develop and no inventory to keep. You can operate your business from just about anywhere in the world. So if it is so easy to get started, why isn’t everyone successful at creating a long term profitable Affiliate Marketing business? The internet is loaded with information on just about every topic imaginable. With all this information just a click away, it’s easy to get side-tracked and lose your focus. Everyone has the latest and greatest way to make money online and it is easy to get caught up in all the hype. The next thing you know is you are going from one business plan to another and never following through to the end on any of them. The bottom line is that it all boils down to 3 keys to success.

The first key is to find a good proven product to sell. There are many ways to accomplish this task but one of the more popular ways is to use the Clickbank Marketplace. You must first find a market that people are spending money on. Preferably this market is something that you are personally interested in or have considerable knowledge about. Once you have found a popular market that people are willing to spend money on, you must then find a product or products that are currently “hot” sellers. Using Clickbank’s gravity numbers and % referred numbers can help you determine which products are hot. Take a look at the sales page of the product. Would you buy it? If not, you need to move on to another product.

Once you find your market and product to offer you must then create an opt in list to promote your product. Most unsuccessful marketers will run an ad or publish an article or two and send the people directly to the product’s sales page. The problem with this is that it usually takes about 7-9 contacts or visits before the average person purchases the product. The worst case scenario is they never purchase the product and you never come in contact with that person again. The best case scenario is the person does purchase the product, you make a commission, and you never come in contact with that person again. The only person that benefits in the long run is the product creator. Their product has sold and they have added the person to their list. In order for you to benefit, YOU must capture the person’s name and email address. This will allow YOU to build a long term relationship with that person and in turn build a long term stable business.

Lastly, you must then drive targeted traffic to your list so you can grow that list and have a large base of people that will know you and trust you and follow your recommendations. You can drive traffic to your website by paying for it, (like Google Ads), or free (like Ezine Articles). The quickest way to get targeted traffic to your list is to use a pay per click search engine like Google or Yahoo. However, you must use caution when using this method because if you don’t do it correctly, it can cost you a lot of money quickly and with minimal result. You must decide what is best for you which will depend on your available budget and time to devote to your business. Usually a combination of both free and paid sources to drive targeted traffic to your list is the best.

So that’s it. If you spend your efforts on these 3 keys to making money with affiliate marketing you will be successful. It’s not necessarily easy but it is simple. Do Not Make It Complicated. The most difficult part is getting started. Once you get started and are seeing results, you will be on your way to creating a strong and profitable business. You can do it. You must be committed to doing it. Then, you must take action. You do not need to do it alone. In fact if you do try to do it alone your chances of success are very slim. However, with a proven business model to follow, a mentor or two to provide guidance, and taking consistent action you can and you will succeed.

OK. Now is the time to take action. Go find a product in a market that people are spending money in. Then create a simple opt in list for people to sign up and start promoting that list every chance you get. Remember to stay focused on your business model and take action every day. You will be successful.

One of the most widely used concepts in finance is that shareholders require a risk premium over bond yields to bear the additional risks of equity investments. While models such as the two-parameter capital asset pricing model (CAPM) or arbitrage pricing theory offer explicit methods for varying risk premia across securities, the models are invariably linked to some underlying market (or factor-specific) risk premium. Unfortunately, the theortical models provide limited practical advice on establishing empirical estimates of such a benchmark market risk premium. As a result, the typical advice to practitioners is to estimate the market risk premium based on historical realizations of share and bond returns.

In this paper, we present estimates of shareholder required rates of return and risk premia which are derived using forward-looking analysts’ growth forecasts. We update, through 1991, earlier work which, due to data availability, was restricted to the period 1982-1984 (Harris [12]). Using stronger tests, we also reexamine the efficacy of using such an expectational approach as an alternative to the use of historical averages. Using the S&P 500 as a proxy for the market portfolio, we find an average market risk premium (1982-1991) of 6.47% above yields on long-term U.S. government bonds and 5.13% above yields on corporate bonds. We also find that required returns for individual stocks vary directly with their risk (as proxied by beta) and that the market risk premium varies over time. In particular, the equity market premium over government bond yields is higher in low interest rate environments and when there is a larger spread between corporate and government bond yields. These findings show that, in addition to fitting the theoretical requirement of being forward-looking, the utilization of analysts’ forecasts in estimating return requirements provides reasonable empirical results that can be useful in practical applications.

Section I provides background on the estimation of equity required returns and a brief discussion of related literature on financial analysts’ forecasts (FAF). In Section II, models and data are discussed. Following a comparison of the results to historical risk premia, the estimates are subjected to economic tests of both their time-series and cross-sectional characteristics in Section III. Finally, conclusions are offered in Section IV.

I. Background and Literature Review

In establishing economic criteria for resource allocation, it is often convenient to use the notion of a shareholder’s required rate of return. Such a rate (k) is the minimum level of expected return necessary to compensate the investor for bearing risks and receiving dollars in the future rather than in the present. In general, k will depend on returns available on alternative investments (e.g., bonds or other equities) and the riskiness of the stock. To isolate the effects of risk, it is useful to work in terms of a risk premium (rp), defined as

rp = k - i, (1)

where i = required return for a zero risk investment.(1)

Lacking a superior alternative, investigators often use averages of historical realizations to estimate a benchmark “market” risk premium which then may be adjusted for the relative risk of individual stocks (e.g., using the CAPM or a variant). The historical studies of Ibbotson Associates [13] have been used frequently to implement this approach.(2) This historical approach requires the assumptions that past realizations are a good surrogate for future expectations and, as typically applied, that risk premia are constant over time. Carleton and Lakonishok [5] demonstrate empirically some of the problems with such historical premia when they are disaggregated for different time periods or groups of firms.

As an alternative to historical estimates, the current paper derives estimates of k, and hence, implied values of rp, using publicly available expectational data. This expectational approach employs the dividend growth model (hereafter referred to as the discounted cash flow or DCF model) in which a consensus measure of financial analysts’ forecasts (FAF) of earnings is used as a proxy for investor expectations. Earlier works by Malkiel [17], Brigham, Vinson, and Shome [4], and Harris [12] have used FAF in DCF models, and this approach has been employed in regulatory settings (see Harris [12]) and suggested by consultants as an alternative to use of historical data (e.g., Ibbotson Associates [13, pp. 127, 128]). Unfortunately, the published studies use data extending to 1984 at the latest. Our paper draws on this earlier work but extends it through 1991.[3] Our work is closest to that done by Harris [12], who reviews literature showing a strong link between equity prices and FAF and supporting the use of FAF as a proxy for investor expectations. Using data from 1982 to 1984, Harris’ results suggest that this expectational approach to estimating equity risk premia is an encouraging alternative to the use of historical averages. He also demonstrates that such risk premia vary both cross-sectionally with the riskiness of individual stocks and over time with financial market conditions.

Top 100 Customer Favorites Our
top 100 customer favorites are ranked according to customer orders on Amazon.com through October. (Only books published for the first time in 2008 are eligible.) The list starts with these bestsellers:

1. Breaking Dawn	2. The Last Lecture	3. Brisingr	4. The Story of Edgar Sawtelle	5. The Tales of Beedle the Bard
6. The Appeal	7. When You Are Engulfed in Flames	8. In Defense of Food	9. The Revolution	10. The Host

See all the books in our Top 100 Customer Favorites
Source: Amazon
Link: http://www.amazon.com/Best-2008-Books-Holidays-Seasonal/b?ie=UTF8&node=1239030011